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Ukraine was hit heavily by the late-2000s recession, the World Bank expects Ukraine's economy to shrink 15% in 2009〔(Ukraine's economy 'to shrink 15%' ), BBC News (July 16, 2009)〕 with inflation being 16.4%.〔(World Bank worsens outlook for fall in Ukraine's GDP to 9%, and inflation to 16.4% ), Interfax-Ukraine (April 7, 2009)〕 The deficit of Ukraine's foreign trade in goods and services January through September 2009 was estimated at $1.08 billion, which was 9.5 times down on the same period in 2008, export of goods over the period decreased by 48.7%, to $27.478 billion, while imports fell by 53.5%, to $31.570 billion; export of services dropped by 23.2%, to $6.841 billion, while imports were down by 19.9%, to $3.829 billion (the deficit of Ukraine's foreign trade over the first nine months of 2008 was estimated at $10.284 billion, which was 2.7 times up on the same period of 2007).〔(Deficit of Ukraine's foreign trade in goods and services shrinks by 9.5 times in nine months ), Kyiv Post (November 17, 2009)〕 According to a forecast by the State Employment Center unemployment in Ukraine will triple to 9% in 2009 (there was 3% unemployment at the end of 2008), which would mean about 3 million people will apply for employment services.〔(Ukrainian unemployment to triple in 2009 – employment official ), Interfax-Ukraine (February 17, 2009)〕 In September 2009 the official level of unemployment was 1.9%.〔(Official level of unemployment in September falls by 0.1 percentage points to 1.9 percent ), Kyiv Post (October 15, 2009)〕 95% of the population of Ukraine have felt influence of the financial crisis; in July 2009 21% of them stated that "The crisis has a catastrophic impact on me and my family", this figure dropped to 17% in October 2009.〔(Ukrainians blame Yuschenko and Tymoshenko for creating economic mess ), Kyiv Post (October 20, 2009)〕 Actual year-on-year wages in Ukraine fell in October 2009 by 10.9%, while in October 2008 it grew by 4.8% year-over-year according to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine.〔(Actual year-on-year wages in Ukraine 11% down in September 2009 ), Kyiv Post (November 27, 2009)〕 The real incomes for Ukrainians in 2009 fell down 8.5% while the nominal income went up 6.2%.〔(Ukrainians real incomes in 2009 down 8.5%, nominal income up 6.2% ), Kyiv Post (April 1, 2010)〕 The Ukrainian economy shrank 15 percent in 2009.〔(Ukraine agrees budget with IMF, funding seen from May ), Kyiv Post (April 2, 2010)〕 The second Tymoshenko Government had predicted GDP growth of 0.4% in 2009 and a slowdown in inflation to 9.5% (also in 2009), although the overwhelming majority of economists considered this forecast to be excessively optimistic.〔 The Ukrainian economy recovered in the first quarter of 2010.〔(Ukraine - Macroeconomic situation - April 2010 ), UNIAN (May 19, 2010)〕 ==Reasons for crisis== Analysts say the reasons for the crises are slumping steel prices, local banking problems and the cutting of Russian gas supply of January 2009.〔(Trade in Ukraine hrvynia drying up amid crisis ), UNIAN (December 19, 2008)〕〔 This made key industries such as metallurgy and machine building lay off workers, and real wages started to fall for the first time in a decade. In 2008 the hryvnia dropped 38% against the US dollar, eclipsed only by the Icelandic krona and the Seychelles rupee.〔(Ukraine's economy 'to shrink 9%' ), BBC News (7 April 2009 )〕 Since many loans and mortgages were issued in dollars and most Ukrainians are paid in hryvnyas (Ukraine's currency), they had to buy dollars with the weak hryvnya, and so they were paying back much more on the loans than they had expected.〔 From December 2008 till mid-May 2009 Ukrainian banks were not allowed to grant requests for early withdrawals of bank deposits.〔(Central bank cancels moratorium on early withdrawal of deposits ), UNIAN (May 18, 2009). Accessed 2009-05-18. (Archived ) 2009-06-02.〕 As of September 2009 financial analysts predict a recovery of the hryvnia.〔(Ukraine’s Hryvnia to Rally from Slump, Nomura Says ), Bloomberg L.P. (September 14, 2009)〕 According to David Heslam of Fitch ratings "At the root of the problem is Ukraine’s inconsistent macroeconomic policy framework, as the authorities are aiming to defend the exchange rate while avoiding necessary fiscal tightening in the absence of adequate sources of non-monetary financing".〔(Ukraine GDP Fell 15.9% Last Quarter, Extending Slump (Update3) ), Bloomberg L.P. (November 16, 2009)〕 In November 2009 (Ukraine's) Minister of Economics Bohdan Danylyshyn stated that in his view the "permanent conflicts" and "lack of understanding" between the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) and the Cabinet of Ministers was one of major factors of the deep fall of the Ukrainian GDP in 2009, as in his view the conflicts affected the efficiency of the anti-crisis policies of Ukraine〔(Economy minister: Permanent conflicts between NBU and Cabinet contribute to deep fall of GDP in 2009 ), Kyiv Post (November 21, 2009)〕 (he also insists government should get involved in NBU's activity〔(Economy Minister insists government get involved in NBU's activity ), Kyiv Post (November 23, 2009)〕). Asked in August and October 2009 "Who bears the most responsibility for the difficult socioeconomic situation in Ukraine?" about a half of all Ukrainians polled (47%) answered President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko, and 22% blamed Prime Minister of Ukraine Yulia Tymoshenko, while 17% of the respondents thought that the Verkhovna Rada is also responsible for the lack of progress in solving economic problems.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2008–09 Ukrainian financial crisis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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